AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner CLF-C02 topic 1 question 208

The question is high level and answers BCE are more low level mechanisms

Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes your incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more Availability Zones. It monitors the health of its registered targets, and routes traffic only to the healthy targets

Elastic Load Balancing supports the following load balancers: Application Load Balancers, Network Load Balancers, Gateway Load Balancers, and Classic Load Balancers.
The load balancer distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, in multiple Availability Zones. This increases the availability of your application.

Sources: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/networking-and-content-delivery/using-load-balancer-target-group-health-thresholds-to-improve-availability/

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/

GPT:
Amazon Route 53 (DNS Service):
Latency Routing: Route 53 can be configured to route traffic based on the lowest network latency to provide a better user experience.

AWS Global Accelerator:
This service directs traffic over the AWS global network to optimal AWS endpoint based on health, geography, and routing policies.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/real-time-communication-on-aws/cross-region-dns-based-load-balancing-and-failover.html